Food Ontology
A simple vocabulary for describing recipes, ingredients, menus and diets.
Introduction
The Food Ontology is a simple lightweight ontology for publishing data about recipes, including the foods they are made from and the foods they create as well as the diets, menus, seasons, courses and occasions they may be suitable for. Whilst it originates in a specific BBC use case, the Food Ontology should be applicable to a wide range of recipe data publishing across the web.
The Food Ontology sits alongside existing work such as Google's Rich Snippets for Recipes. While Google, and schema.org, provide a way to represent literal strings in a structured way the Food Ontology provides a richly linked model that more completely describes the recipe and its context. Food Ontology, Google Rich Snippets and Schema.org microdata for recipes are all able to co-exist peacefully within the same site.
Example
<http://www.bbc.co.uk/food/menus/pork_belly_comfort_food_menu#menu> a fo:Menu ;
dcterms:description "We've put together a menu of easy, comforting recipes
for a chilly winter's day."@en ;
dcterms:title "Pork belly comfort food menu"@en ;
fo:dessert
<http://www.bbc.co.uk/food/recipes/banoffeepiewithpecan_86926#recipe>
fo:ingredients <http://www.bbc.co.uk/food/menus/pork_belly_comfort_food_menu#ingredients>
;
fo:main_course <http://www.bbc.co.uk/food/recipes/roastbellyofporkwith_73882#recipe> ;
fo:serves "6"@en
;
fo:side_dish <http://www.bbc.co.uk/food/recipes/champ_67444#recipe>, <http://www.bbc.co.uk/food/recipes/devilishredcabbage_8076#recipe> .
Ontology Diagram
Ontology Terms
Automatically generated documentation for the ontology terms.
Classes
URI
http://purl.org/ontology/fo/Collection
Description
A Collection is a group of recipes that are brought together because they have something in common. Some collections may result from automated queries such as all recipes
that share a particular ingredient, other collections may be the result of editorial selection.
Superclasses
Subclasses
URI
http://purl.org/ontology/fo/Course
Description
A Course is the sequence of a dish within a meal. For example a basic dinner party may consists of Starter, Main and Dessert courses.
Properties
URI
http://purl.org/ontology/fo/Cuisine
Description
A Cuisine is a particular style of food, often based on a region. These classifications are often highly subjective.
Properties
URI
http://purl.org/ontology/fo/Diet
Description
A Diet is a way of selecting food that achieves a particular effect, such as eating in way that is pregnancy-friendly or avoiding foods that contain shellfish.
Properties
URI
http://purl.org/ontology/fo/Food
Description
A Food is something that can be eaten. It may be a basic food such as salt or it may be the more complex result of another recipe, for example chicken stock. A recipe
uses foods as part of ingredients and also produces foods to be eaten.
Properties
URI
http://purl.org/ontology/fo/Ingredient
Description
An Ingredient is the combination of a quantity and a food, giving the amount of something that should be used in the recipe.
Properties
URI
http://purl.org/ontology/fo/IngredientList
Description
An IngredientList is a sequence (rdf:Seq) of ingredients in the order they should be listed in the recipe.
Superclasses
Properties
URI
http://purl.org/ontology/fo/Menu
Description
A Menu is a collection of recipes, usually one or more per course, that have been selected to go well together. A Menu may also be related to a particular cuisine or
occasion.
Superclasses
Properties
URI
http://purl.org/ontology/fo/Method
Description
A Method is the way in which ingredients are combined, using particular techniques, in order to produce a food. A method is part of a recipe and is also an rdf:Seq.
Superclasses
Properties
URI
http://purl.org/ontology/fo/Occasion
Description
An Occasion is a recognised event or type of event that a particular food may be suitable for. An exmaple of a particular occassion might be Chinese New Year, whereas a
more general occassion might a birthday.
Properties
URI
http://purl.org/ontology/fo/Recipe
Description
A Recipe is a combination of ingredients and a method, created by a chef, that produces a food.
URI
http://purl.org/ontology/fo/Season
Description
A Season is a period of time that recurs annually during which a food is typically available or at its best.
Properties
URI
http://purl.org/ontology/fo/ShoppingCategory
Description
A Shopping Category is a classification given to a food to indicate where it may be found when shopping.
Properties
URI
http://purl.org/ontology/fo/Stage
Description
A Stage is a part of a recipe that may have its own ingredient list and/or method. It allows the different parts of a multi-part recipe to be modelled seperately, yet as
part of the same recipe.
URI
http://purl.org/ontology/fo/StageSequence
Description
Where a recipe has a number of stage, for example where a recipe states 'for the sauce' a stage sequence provides a way to sequence the stages (rdf:Seq) into the desired
order.
Superclasses
Properties
URI
http://purl.org/ontology/fo/Step
Description
A Step is the lowest level of instruction used in a recipe. A sequence of steps form a method.
Properties
URI
http://purl.org/ontology/fo/Technique
Description
A Technique is a way of working with an ingredient to produce a desired effect, for example, whipping cream.
Properties
Properties
URI
http://purl.org/ontology/fo/at_its_best
Description
The at its best property tells us in what season a particular food is at its best.
Domain
Range
URI
http://purl.org/ontology/fo/canape
Description
The canape property relates a menu to a recipe that may be served as a canape.
Domain
Range
URI
http://purl.org/ontology/fo/cuisine
Description
The cuisine property classifies a recipe as being an example of that cuisine.
Domain
Range
URI
http://purl.org/ontology/fo/dessert
Description
The dessert property relates a menu to a recipe that may be served as a dessert.
Domain
Range
URI
http://purl.org/ontology/fo/diet
Description
The diet property relates a recipe to a diet it may be suitable for.
Domain
Range
URI
http://purl.org/ontology/fo/food
Description
The food property relates an ingredient to the food that is required.
Domain
Range
URI
http://purl.org/ontology/fo/imperial_quantity
Description
A metric quantity provides a value and imperial unit in a human readable string for use in measuring out an ingredient.
Domain
URI
http://purl.org/ontology/fo/ingredients
Description
The ingredients property relates a recipe or recipe stage to an ingredient list.
Range
URI
http://purl.org/ontology/fo/instruction
Description
An instruction provides the human-readable text associated with a step in the method for a recipe.
Domain
URI
http://purl.org/ontology/fo/main_course
Description
The main course property relates a menu to a recipe that may be served as a main course.
Domain
Range
URI
http://purl.org/ontology/fo/method
Description
The method property relates a recipe or stage to the method used to make it.
Range
URI
http://purl.org/ontology/fo/metric_quantity
Description
A metric quantity provides a value and metric unit in a human readable string for use in measuring out an ingredient.
Domain
URI
http://purl.org/ontology/fo/occasion
Description
The occassion property relates a recipe to an occasion it may be appropriate for.
Domain
Range
URI
http://purl.org/ontology/fo/produces
Description
The produces property relates a recipe to the food it produces.
Domain
Range
URI
http://purl.org/ontology/fo/quantity
Description
A quantity provides a non-negative integer quantity that can be used as a measure of the food stuff for the ingredient.
Domain
URI
http://purl.org/ontology/fo/required_technique
Description
The required technique property indicates that a particular technique is required in order to complete a recipe, method or step.
Range
URI
http://purl.org/ontology/fo/serve_as
Description
The serve as property relates a recipe to the course in a meal that it may be served as.
Domain
Range
URI
http://purl.org/ontology/fo/serves
Description
The server property indicates what the recipe is intended to serve, this is often a human readable integer range such as '6-8'.
Domain
URI
http://purl.org/ontology/fo/shopping_category
Description
The shopping category property relates a food to the shopping category where that food is likely to be found when shopping for it.
Domain
Range
URI
http://purl.org/ontology/fo/side_dish
Description
The side dish property relates a menu to a recipe that may be served as a side dish.
Domain
Range
URI
http://purl.org/ontology/fo/stages
Description
The stages property relates a recipe to the sequence of stages it contains.
Domain
Range